多种民族聚交河

　　能兼汉月照银山，复逐胡风过铁关。
　　交河城区飞鸟绝，轮台路上马蹄滑。
　　——【唐】岑参《关山雪歌送萧治归京》
　　多种民族聚交河
　　汉设戊校尉屯田于交河城，己校尉驻守高昌壁。东晋时，前凉始置高昌郡。因交河东面水源充沛，利于农业灌溉，吐鲁番盆地的政治、经济、文化中心逐渐向东发展，由交河城迁往高昌城，此后高昌国、唐西州和回鹘高昌政权均以高昌为中心。早期的原始居民车师人和西迁的汉人，逐渐成了吐鲁番盆地的主体，生活在这里的粟特、突厥、柔然、高车、龟兹、天竺等民族也融合其中。
　　A Multinational Place
　　In Han Dynasty,Colonel of Wu and his garrison troops stationed in Yar City and farmed in the surrounding fields,and Colonel of Ji and his garrison troops guarded Qocho City.In the Eastern Jin period,Former Liang Kingdom established the Qocho Commandery,which was the first commandery established in the Turpan Basin.Due to the plentiful water resources that facilitated agriculture and irrigation to the east of Yar City,the political,economic and cultural center of Turpan steadily drifted to the east,from Yar City toward Qocho City.Later,the Qocho Kingdom,the Tang Dynasty's Xizhou Prefecture,and the Uyghur Kingdom of Qocho selected Qocho as the basin's primary city.The region's early Jushi inhabitants and the Han people who had migrated westward became the main body of the Turpan Basin's population.Later,Sogdian,Turkic,Rouran,Gaoche,Qiuci,and Sindhu peoples,who also lived in the region,gradually fused with them as well.
　　雅尔湖石窟突厥文题记 Runic Script Inscription of Yar Lake Grottos
　　吐鲁番雅尔湖石窟5号窟为长方形纵券顶石窟，窟内西侧中部有坚硬物刻划出来的突厥鲁尼文题记数行，其历史研究价值不可忽视。突厥鲁尼文的出现，对于研究高昌与突厥的关系提供了重要的资料。
　　交河出土亚麻佛幡 Buddhisht Banner in Yar City(Linen)
　　这两件绢画均出自交河故城。公元4世纪左右，佛教传入吐鲁番地区，交河一带兴盛小乘佛教。佛幡中所绘的人物是佛教四大天王中北方天王的形象，天王右侧，有一个很小的男供养人，跪在天王脚下。供养人的相貌已模糊不清，但是从外貌和服饰来看，应属于当地车师人。
　　交河出土骑士像绢画 Silk Painting of Mounted Warrior in Yar City
　　骑士绢画比较残破，但依稀可辨认出骑士长着一双略吊起的细眼，两撇稀疏的小胡子，表现出东亚人的脸型，从骑士的穿着和外形研究，该绢画属于较晚期的东亚风格的绘画，内容描写的是该地区古代居民点壁画上常见的一个神话故事。