西汉帝陵

  
　　俑是中国古代陪葬用的明器，是中国社会发展到一定阶段的产物。以俑陪葬是奴隶社会人殉制度的继续，俑被视为牺牲者的替身。
　　距今约六千年前的新石器时代，陕西地区的原始先民们已塑造出人物、动物形象的作品，虽显古拙而又生意盎然，闪烁着人类文明的火花，是历史时期陶俑和其他雕塑艺术的先声。
　　陕西历年来出土了大量的各类俑像，目前所知最早的俑，有长武上孟村、铜川市北郊枣庙等地春秋墓葬出土的泥人、泥马、泥鸟等。
　　秦王朝是中国历史上第一个统一的中央集权制国家，以西安临潼秦始皇陵兵马俑为代表的秦代陶俑是纪元前写实主义陶塑艺术的杰出成就，其庞大军阵，数千件与真人一般大小的陶俑，一经出土便震撼了世界。秦兵马俑体态魁伟，风格严谨，服饰、形象、姿态，以至头部细节都仿真写实，是秦始皇统一中国的军事实力的再现。
　　汉代社会经济的发展，厚葬之风炽盛，陶俑的制作也进入昌盛时期。陕西地区的汉代陶俑，数量众多，题材广泛，涉及社会生活的各个方面。俑的造型古朴洗炼，简约传神。透过各种群体形象的塑造，我们可以感悟在汉代已基本形成了的中华民族传统文化的生机神韵。
　　本志所选刊的陶俑，均为茂陵出土的陪葬俑，不失为西汉时期的珍品。
　　E Pottery Figures
　　The appearance of pottery figures as burial objects in the ancient China was the inevitable outcome when the society developed to a certain stage.It was a continued inheritance from the slave society at which slaves were taken as companions to be buried alive with their dead masters.Pottery figures were regarded as substitutes for the innocent buried.
　　At the Neolithic Age dating back 6000 years ago,the forefathers living in Shaanxi began to produce imaginative works resembling humans and animals in simple but vivid way,which shone sparkles of human civilization and ushered in a new epoch of pottery figures and other sculptural arts.
　　Among the sorts of pottery figures unearthed from Shaanxi over years,the earliest known till now are those discovered from the tombs of the Spring and Autumn Period(770-476 B.C.)lying at Changwu and north to Tongchuan,where burial objects were discovered to include earthen figures,earthen horses and earthen birds.
　　The Qin Dynasty(221-206 B.C.)was the first unified state of centralism set up in history of China.The pottery figures typical of the terra-cotta warriors and horses unearthed from the Qinshihuang Mausoleum of the Qin Dynasty at Lintong of Xi'an represented splendid achievements in realistic approach to pottery sculpture art prior to century.Discovery of the display in military array and lifelike terra-cotta warriors in their thousands shock the world immediately.The unearthed pottery figures possess huge body and rigorous style in realistic portrayal from dress adornment and image to posture and head,which showed military strength of the unified China under the reign of Qinshihuang.
　　As with the economic growth of the Han Dynasty(206 B.C.-220 A.D.),practice of luxurious burial became prevalent.As a result,the making of pottery figures entered a thriving stage.Pottery figures made in Shaanxi covered broad aspects in social life on different themes.They took simple but vivid shapes.Through the making of different images in pottery,the vitality of traditional culture in the Chinese nation was basically cultivated in the Han Dynasty.
　　The pottery figures listed in this book are all burial objects unearthed from the Maoling Mausoleum.They are entitled to be valuable in the Han Dynasty.

茂陵文物鉴赏图志/王志杰著．—西安：三秦出版社，2012.